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TokyoProgressive

Linking Progressives East and West Since 1997

東西のプログレッシブをつなぐ − 1997年設立  |  Linking Progressives East and West Since 1997

Featured Stories/ 特集記事

This month's articles/今月の記事)    JAPANESE/日本語    JAPAN AND ASIA/日本とアジア    GENDER/ジェンダー   SOCIAL JUSTICE/社会正義    ENVIRONMENT/環境   WAR AND EMPIRE/戦争&支配権力   GLOBALISATION/グローバリゼーション

NEWEST STORIES/最新の記事

資本に奉仕する人工知能か、それとも解放のためのツールか?

December 10, 2025 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

人工知能に対する資本主義の支配は、もはや生産関係の再現にとどまらず、支配と政治的抑圧の直接的なツールにもなっている。今日、人工知能は、大量監視システム、顔認識、個人やグループの政治的行動の分析などに使用されています。これにより、抑圧的な政権は、いわゆる民主主義国であっても、事前に確立された「レッドライン」を越える、つまり資本主義システムの構造に深刻な脅威をもたらす潜在的な急進的な左翼の抵抗を弱体化または阻止するために先制的に介入することができます。

Artificial Intelligence in the Service of Capital or a Tool for Liberation?

December 10, 2025 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

… Just as machines were used during the industrial revolution to intensify exploitation instead of reducing working hours, artificial intelligence today is employed in automation to lower production costs and reduce the need for human labor in most cases, imposing more precarious and less secure working conditions.

This also deepens alienation, as manual and intellectual workers are turned into human tools in their workplaces and replaced by algorithms, which leads to increased unemployment or forces them to seek alternative work.…

DT’s first moves deepen world instability

February 19, 2025 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

The following article has encountered difficulty when linked from social media. For example, FB says it (but not other articles from the same site) is spam and removes the link from posts and comments as of Feb 19, 2025.  If you are having trouble. feel free to link to this. Trump’s ‘shock and awe’ offensive […]

「選択する必要がある」 :イスラエルが病院を標 的にする中、マッズ・ギ ルバート医師がガザとの 医療連帯を語る

November 3, 2023 By paul arenson Leave a Comment

DR.マッツ・ギルバート:昨日、シファの同僚から報告を受けました。医療スタッフが熱を出している。疲労困憊しているからかもしれないが、合理的に考えれば、感染しているからだろう。1万人、2万人、3万人の人々が非常に密集した空間に詰め込まれ、十分なトイレもなく、手を洗うための十分な水(水道水)もなく、赤ちゃんを清潔にすることもできず、傷口を清潔にすることもできなければ、さまざまな症状を引き起こす病原体が蔓延することになる。胃や腸から下痢や嘔吐が起こり、赤痢菌やサルモネラ菌、その他の消化器系感染症の原因菌によって引き起こされる。これは大きな問題だ。そして、すでに私たちはそれを目の当たりにしている。

「これは止めなければならない」:イスラエルによるガザ病院襲撃を糾弾する医師たち

November 3, 2023 By paul arenson Leave a Comment

イスラエルの空爆がガザの病院をさらに襲うとの警戒が高まるなか、ガザの医療システムとイスラエルによる主要病院の避難命令について、2人の医師に話を聞いた。ガザのアル・アハリ・アル・アラビ病院の整形外科部長であるファデル・ナイム医師は、イスラエルは「病院周辺を爆撃した」と言う。40年以上にわたってガザで救急外傷治療に携わってきたマッズ・ギルバート医師は、イスラエルが証拠もなしに軍事活動の疑惑を利用して市民病院を攻撃したことを非難する。”これはすべて、ガザのパレスチナ人に対する甚大な威嚇の一環なのです “とギルバート医師は言う。”パレスチナ人への具体的な連帯を示すために “エジプトから包囲された領土に入ろうとしているのだ。

“Decontaminated” soil from Fukushima to be spread far and wide

January 19, 2023 By paul arenson Leave a Comment

This is how the Japanese government almost literally sweeps the problem of nuclear contamination under the rug. Note how the standard for safety has been relaxed to allow this to take place. Original article appears below the translation. While the Kishida administration is pushing for a “return to nuclear power,” the current situation in Fukushima […]

‘You Have to Learn to Listen’: How a Doctor Cares for Boston’s Homeless

January 15, 2023 By paul arenson Leave a Comment

A rare NY Times story about the evolution of a care house and eventual mobile  clinic for rough sleepers in Boston founded in the 1980s by feminist nurses in response to the way street people were treated by a paternalistic medical system. Told through the eyes of the clinic’s first doctor, he learned to listen, […]

Left Sectarianism and Ukraine

December 17, 2022 By paul arenson 1 Comment

Vets for Peace members have visited Okinawa in solidarity with the resistance movement against American bases. Will other VFP members uncritically supporting Putin or Nato spell an end to the anti-war movement itself and mean that Okinawans and Palestinians must henceforth go it alone? Pro Putin and pro American military positions on the part of some members of peace organizations might just bring that day closer.

An Epitaph for Kishida’s New Capitalism

December 15, 2022 By paul arenson

The Kishida government has declared that all Japan taxpayers have a “responsibility” to support its policy of dramatically increasing military expenditures, accepting the premise that Japan’s neighbors are likely to launch an armed attack unless deterred from doing so. This marks the effective end of “New Capitalism.”

added to Tokyoprogressive Jan 27

December 27, 2021 By paul arenson Leave a Comment

We will then try to move to turnlefthosting

'We Did It!': Eruption of Joy as Argentine Senate Passes Bill to Legalize Abortion

December 30, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Published on Wednesday, December 30, 2020 by Common Dreams 'We Did It!': Eruption of Joy as Argentine Senate Passes Bill to Legalize Abortion “This is a victory for the women’s movement in Argentina, which has been fighting for its rights for decades.” by Jake Johnson, staff writer 0 Comments Pro-choice activists celebrate […]

Shane Dismisses Leading Labor Union Organizers

December 30, 2020 By Creative Minds

From Shingetsu News Agency   Calendar December 2020 M T W T F S S   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  

Ending Poverty in the United States Would Actually Be Pretty Easy

December 30, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin FQ Almost immediately in this book, you confront the maxim, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime”: “Antipoverty efforts should stop making assumptions about people’s fishing abilities,” you write. “It’s past time to stop judging […]

The Demand for Student Debt Cancellation Should Be Paired With Tuition-Free Public College

December 30, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin Just earlier this year the nation was compelled to weigh the merits of a full student debt jubilee, as proposed by presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. Crucially, he proposed this reform alongside others to higher education, including tuition-free public college and trade school. But Sanders lost, and while the issue of student debt […]

Georgians Are Starving — And Their Millionaire Senators Refuse to Force a Vote on Aid

December 30, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin Loeffler and Perdue Could End This, but They Refuse Loeffler and Perdue are in a position to immediately end this battle right now, if they chose to actually use their power. Senator Mitch McConnell may want to own the libs and economically punish his own destitute state by blocking the $2,000 checks, […]

A Deportation Moratorium, What Comes Next for Biden?

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Published on Tuesday, December 29, 2020 by Speak Freely / ACLU A Deportation Moratorium, What Comes Next for Biden? A deportation moratorium is a critical step to repairing the harm that has been waged against our immigrant communities and reimagining our existing system. by Madhuri Grewal 0 Comments The Biden-Harris administration committed to an […]

2020 Has Shown Us the Way Forward

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams You must find a way to get in the way. You must find a way to get in trouble, good trouble, necessary trouble.”— Rep. John Lewis Three people in my family passed away this year within four months of each other: my brother-in-love, from an 18-month battle with cancer; my closest maternal […]

Biden to Invoke Defense Production Act for Vaccine Manufacture. Trump? Playing Golf at Mar-a-Lago

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Published on Tuesday, December 29, 2020 by Informed Comment Biden to Invoke Defense Production Act for Vaccine Manufacture. Trump? Playing Golf at Mar-a-Lago Trump really just doesn’t care. by Juan Cole 0 Comments President Donald Trump makes a phone call as he golfs at Trump National Golf Club on November 26, 2020 […]

After Years of Mass Organizing, Argentina Could Legalize Abortion Tomorrow

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin On December 11, after more than twenty consecutive hours of debate, the lower house of the Argentine congress voted to legalize abortion. The upper house will vote on December 29. If the law is approved, Argentina will join Uruguay and Cuba as the third country in Latin America to allow abortion without […]

How Amy Coney Barrett and Barack Obama Transcended Petty Partisanship to Crush Community Activists in Chicago

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin Proving that architectural narcissism isn’t a quality limited to the outgoing forty-fifth president, Barack Obama is currently attempting to erect a hideous 235-foot tower, a monument to himself and his presidency, in a park in Chicago, over the objections of community groups. Local organizations fighting the project recently suffered a defeat at […]

Austerity Is Looming in New York. Is Ray McGuire the Mayor to Carry It Out?

December 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin “Only bankers and businessmen could cure the situation,” observed John Kenneth Galbraith in 1977, for “[t]heirs indeed was a special, even magical, talent where money was concerned.” Galbraith was sarcastically describing the popular mythology surrounding New York’s City fiscal crisis of the mid-1970s, which saw Wall Street impose a neoliberal austerity agenda […]

Our Next Attorney General Must Boldly Set a Course Toward Justice

December 28, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Published on Monday, December 28, 2020 by People's Action Blog Our Next Attorney General Must Boldly Set a Course Toward Justice Black people showed up for Biden; now we need an attorney general who will show up for us. by Jodi Risper 0 Comments Joe Biden appears with his Vice President-elect Kamala […]

Covid-19 Exposed the Urgency for a Right to Housing

December 28, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Published on Monday, December 28, 2020 by The Progressive Covid-19 Exposed the Urgency for a Right to Housing Without giving renters the option to buy their homes, this crisis could be even worse than the Great Recession. by Marisa Endicott 0 Comments Activists and relief groups in New York City join a […]

In the Fight Against Poor Health, the USA Is Punching Well Below Its Weight

December 28, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From CommonDreams Americans today have a life expectancy of 78.5 years. People in other high-income nations lead longer lives. Japan and Hong Kong, for instance, enjoy a life expectancy of 84 years. The United States has also fared poorly with Covid-19, with some of the highest caseloads in the world. All this raises an […]

The US Government Can Provide Universal Childcare — It’s Done So in the Past

December 28, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Jacobin Our Current Childcare System Has Failed Today, universal childcare seems like a distant dream to most working-class mothers. Those who are able to afford the exorbitant rates, costing as much as $30,000 a year in some places, usually have few options and wait on long lists to get into the centers that […]

This month's articles/今月の記事)    JAPANESE/日本語    JAPAN AND ASIA/日本とアジア    GENDER/ジェンダー   SOCIAL JUSTICE/社会正義    ENVIRONMENT/環境   WAR AND EMPIRE/戦争&支配権力   GLOBALISATION/グローバリゼーション

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JAPANESE/日本語

U.S. veterans to request GAO investigation of Henoko base construction/辺野古新基地建設地、米側が調査を 元軍人の会 来月の総会で決議提起

August 14, 2019 By tokyoprogressive

Veterans for Peace—Ryukyu Okinawa Chapter Kokusai (VFP-ROCK) President Douglas Lummis and members held a press conference at Okinawa’s prefectural press club on July 25. The group announced VFP-ROCK’s intentions to submit a new resolution for approval at the 34th National Convention of Veterans For Peace, which will be held in Spokane, WA next month. They seek to halt the construction of the new base in Henoko, Nago City with the new resolution.

九州20ヵ所猛毒除草剤埋設 ベトナム戦争の枯れ葉剤成分 (Dioxin buried around Japan)

August 23, 2018 By tokyoprogressive

Japanese government buried  2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced at Omuta factory all around Japan. Kitakyushu City University researcher speculates it was Japanese government policy to sell this chemical to the US military for use in the production of Agent Orange by mixing with 2,4-D-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Official use, according to the government, was to control weeds in the […]

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This month's articles/今月の記事)    JAPANESE/日本語    JAPAN AND ASIA/日本とアジア    GENDER/ジェンダー   SOCIAL JUSTICE/社会正義    ENVIRONMENT/環境   WAR AND EMPIRE/戦争&支配権力   GLOBALISATION/グローバリゼーション

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JAPAN AND ASIA/日本とアジア

Debating Maoism in Contemporary China: Reflections on Benjamin I. Schwartz, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao

December 24, 2020 By Leave a Comment

  From Japan Focus   Abstract: Xi Jinping’s frequent references to Mao Zedong, along with Xi’s own claims to ideological originality, have fueled debate over the significance of Maoism in the PRC today. The discussion recalls an earlier debate, at the height of the Cold War, over the meaning of Maoism itself. This paper revisits […]

Speakeasy: Opposition Party Consolidation

December 22, 2020 By Creative Minds Leave a Comment

From Shingetsu News Agency   Calendar December 2020 M T W T F S S   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  

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Christian Appy, America’s Hiroshima and Nagasaki 70 Years Later

August 17, 2015 by tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

OpEdNews Op Eds 8/4/2015 at 10:28:13

 

See original  and reprinted versions here: 

https://globalethics.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/40047/

By Tom Engelhardt (about the author)
Related Topic(s): Hiroshima; Nagasaki; Nuclear Weapons; War Nuclear,

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From flickr.com/photos/49487266@N07/8091817170/: Atomic Bomb Test
Atomic Bomb Test
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This article originally appeared at TomDispatch.com. To receive TomDispatch in your inbox three times a week, click here.”href=”http:>

“”So many decades later, it’s hard to remember the kind of nuclear thinking top American officials engaged in during the Cold War. In secret National Security Council documents of the early 1950s, for instance, the country’s top strategists descended willingly into the charnel house of futuristic history, imagining life on this planet as an eternal potential holocaust. They wrote in those documents of the possibility that 100 atomic bombs, landing on targets in the United States, might kill or injure 22 million Americans and of a “blow” that might result in the “complete destruction” of the Soviet Union.
And they weren’t just whistling Dixie. After all, in 1960, the top military brass found themselves arguing about the country’s first Single Integrated Operational Plan for nuclear war. In it, a scenario was laid out for delivering more than 3,200 nuclear weapons to 1,060 targets in the Communist world. Targets included at least 130 cities, which, if all went well, would cease to exist. Classified estimates of possible casualties from such an attack ran to 285 million dead and 40 million injured. That’s what “the complete destruction” of the Soviet Union and Communist China meant then and, until Dr. Strangelove hit the screens in 1964, those figures were simply part of the sort of “rational” war planning that led to perfectly serious debate about launching a “preemptive strike” — what, if another country were considering it, would have been a “war of aggression” — to eradicate that enemy. To give credit where it’s due, Army and Navy officials did worry “about the lethal impact of downwind fallout, with the Army explicitly concerned about limiting exposure of ‘friendly forces and people’ to radioactive fallout. By contrast, the Air Force saw no need for additional constraints [on surface nuclear blasts].”

It’s this world that we “celebrate,” having now reached the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945). Today, we know that delivering so many nuclear weapons (or, in fact, many less) would have done a lot more than wipe out the “Communist world.” It would have plunged the planet into nuclear winter and undoubtedly eradicated humanity as definitively as the dinosaurs were wiped out by that asteroid 65 million years ago.

Apocalypse was — and remains — us. After all, despite the recent nuclear agreement that will stop a country without nuclear weapons from building them, this planet is still loaded with a world-ending arsenal that is constantly being expanded, updated, and modernized. Call us lucky, but don’t call us particularly thoughtful. Today, Christian Appy, author of American Reckoning: The Vietnam War and Our National Identity, considers the way in which — except in rare moments when antinuclear movements gained brief strength here — Americans managed to ignore how this country’s leaders ushered us into the nuclear age by annihilating not one but two cities and killing hundreds of thousands of defenseless civilians. Tom

___________

Our “Merciful” Ending to the “Good War”
Or How Patriotism Means Never Having To Say You’re Sorry
By Christian Appy

“Never, never waste a minute on regret. It’s a waste of time.”

— President Harry Truman

 

Here we are, 70 years after the nuclear obliteration of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and I’m wondering if we’ve come even one step closer to a moral reckoning with our status as the world’s only country to use atomic weapons to slaughter human beings. Will an American president ever offer a formal apology? Will our country ever regret the dropping of “Little Boy” and “Fat Man,” those two bombs that burned hotter than the sun? Will it absorb the way they instantly vaporized thousands of victims, incinerated tens of thousands more, and created unimaginably powerful shockwaves and firestorms that ravaged everything for miles beyond ground zero? Will it finally come to grips with the “black rain” that spread radiation and killed even more people — slowly and painfully — leading in the end to a death toll for the two cities conservatively estimated at more than 250,000?

Given the last seven decades of perpetual militarization and nuclear “modernization” in this country, the answer may seem like an obvious no. Still, as a historian, I’ve been trying to dig a little deeper into our lack of national contrition. As I have, an odd fragment of Americana kept coming to mind, a line from the popular 1970 tearjerker Love Story: “Love,” says the female lead when her boyfriend begins to apologize, “means never having to say you’re sorry.” It has to be one of the dumbest definitions ever to lodge in American memory, since real love often requires the strength to apologize and make amends.

It does, however, apply remarkably well to the way many Americans think about that broader form of love we call patriotism. With rare exceptions, like the 1988 congressional act that apologized to and compensated the Japanese-American victims of World War II internment, when it comes to the brute exercise of power, true patriotism has above all meant never having to say you’re sorry. The very politicians who criticize other countries for not owning up to their wrong-doing regularly insist that we should never apologize for anything. In 1988, for example, after the U.S. Navy shot down an Iranian civilian airliner over the Persian Gulf killing all 290 passengers (including 66 children), Vice President George H.W. Bush, then running for president, proclaimed, “I will never apologize for the United States. Ever. I don’t care what the facts are.”

It turns out, however, that Bush’s version of American remorselessness isn’t quite enough. After all, Americans prefer to view their country as peace-loving, despite having been at war constantly since 1941. This means they need more than denials and non-apologies. They need persuasive stories and explanations (however full of distortions and omissions). The tale developed to justify the bombings that led to a world in which the threat of human extinction has been a daily reality may be the most successful legitimizing narrative in our history. Seventy years later, it’s still deeply embedded in public memory and school textbooks, despite an ever-growing pile of evidence that contradicts it. Perhaps it’s time, so many decades into the age of apocalyptic peril, to review the American apologia for nuclear weapons — the argument in their defense — that ensured we would never have to say we’re sorry.

The Hiroshima Apologia

 

On August 9, 1945, President Harry Truman delivered a radio address from the White House. “The world will note,” he said, “that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians.” He did not mention that a second atomic bomb had already been dropped on Nagasaki.

Truman understood, of course, that if Hiroshima was a “military base,” then so was Seattle; that the vast majority of its residents were civilians; and that perhaps 100,000 of them had already been killed. Indeed, he knew that Hiroshima was chosen not for its military significance but because it was one of only a handful of Japanese cities that had not already been firebombed and largely obliterated by American air power. U.S. officials, in fact, were intent on using the first atomic bombs to create maximum terror and destruction. They also wanted to measure their new weapon’s power and so selected the “virgin targets” of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In July 1945, Secretary of War Henry Stimson informed Truman of his fear that, given all the firebombing of Japanese cities, there might not be a target left on which the atomic bomb could “show its strength” to the fullest. According to Stimson’s diary, Truman “laughed and said he understood.”

The president soon dropped the “military base” justification. After all, despite Washington’s effort to censor the most graphic images of atomic annihilation coming out of Hiroshima, the world quickly grasped that the U.S. had destroyed an entire city in a single blow with massive loss of life. So the president focused instead on an apologia that would work for at least the next seven decades. Its core arguments appeared in that same August 9th speech. “We have used [the atomic bomb] against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor,” he said, “against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.”

By 1945, most Americans didn’t care that the civilians of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had not committed Japan’s war crimes. American wartime culture had for years drawn on a long history of “yellow peril” racism to paint the Japanese not just as inhuman, but as subhuman. As Truman put it in his diary, it was a country full of “savages” — “ruthless, merciless, and fanatic” people so loyal to the emperor that every man, woman, and child would fight to the bitter end. In these years, magazines routinely depicted Japanese as monkeys, apes, insects, and vermin. Given such a foe, so went the prevailing view, there were no true “civilians” and nothing short of near extermination, or at least a powerful demonstration of America’s willingness to proceed down that path, could ever force their surrender. As Admiral William “Bull” Halsey said in a 1944 press conference, “The only good Jap is a Jap who’s been dead six months.”

In the years after World War II, the most virulent expressions of race hatred diminished, but not the widespread idea that the atomic bombs had been required to end the war, eliminating the need to invade the Japanese home islands where, it was confidently claimed, tooth-and-nail combat would cause enormous losses on both sides. The deadliest weapon in history, the one that opened the path to future Armageddon, had therefore saved lives. That was the stripped down mantra that provided the broadest and most enduring support for the introduction of nuclear warfare. By the time Truman, in retirement, published his memoir in 1955, he was ready to claim with some specificity that an invasion of Japan would have killed half-a-million Americans and at least as many Japanese.

Over the years, the ever-increasing number of lives those two A-bombs “saved” became a kind of sacred numerology. By 1991, for instance, President George H.W. Bush, praising Truman for his “tough, calculating decision,” claimed that those bombs had “spared millions of American lives.” By then, an atomic massacre had long been transformed into a mercy killing that prevented far greater suffering and slaughter.

Truman went to his grave insisting that he never had a single regret or a moment’s doubt about his decision. Certainly, in the key weeks leading up to August 6, 1945, the record offers no evidence that he gave serious consideration to any alternative.

“Revisionists” Were Present at the Creation

Twenty years ago, the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum planned an ambitious exhibit to mark the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II. At its center was to be an extraordinary artifact — the fuselage of the Enola Gay, the B-29 Superfortress used to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. But the curators and historical consultants wanted something more than yet another triumphal celebration of American military science and technology. Instead, they sought to assemble a thought-provoking portrayal of the bomb’s development, the debates about its use, and its long-term consequences. The museum sought to include some evidence challenging the persistent claim that it was dropped simply to end the war and “save lives.”

For starters, visitors would have learned that some of America’s best-known World War II military commanders opposed using atomic weaponry. In fact, six of the seven five-star generals and admirals of that time believed that there was no reason to use them, that the Japanese were already defeated, knew it, and were likely to surrender before any American invasion could be launched. Several, like Admiral William Leahy and General Dwight Eisenhower, also had moral objections to the weapon. Leahy considered the atomic bombing of Japan “barbarous” and a violation of “every Christian ethic I have ever heard of and all of the known laws of war.”

Truman did not seriously consult with military commanders who had objections to using the bomb. He did, however, ask a panel of military experts to offer an estimate of how many Americans might be killed if the United States launched the two major invasions of the Japanese home islands scheduled for November 1, 1945 and March 1, 1946. Their figure: 40,000 — far below the half-million he would cite after the war. Even this estimate was based on the dubious assumption that Japan could continue to feed, fuel, and arm its troops with the U.S. in almost complete control of the seas and skies.

The Smithsonian also planned to inform its visitors that some key presidential advisers had urged Truman to drop his demand for “unconditional surrender” and allow Japan to keep the emperor on his throne, an alteration in peace terms that might have led to an almost immediate surrender. Truman rejected that advice, only to grant the same concession after the nuclear attacks.

 

Keep in mind, however, that part of Truman’s motivation for dropping those bombs involved not the defeated Japanese, but the ascending Soviet Union. With the U.S.S.R. pledged to enter the war against Japan on August 8, 1945 (which it did), Truman worried that even briefly prolonging hostilities might allow the Soviets to claim a greater stake in East Asia. He and Secretary of State James Byrnes believed that a graphic demonstration of the power of the new bomb, then only in the possession of the United States, might also make that Communist power more “manageable” in Europe. The Smithsonian exhibit would have suggested that Cold War planning and posturing began in the concluding moments of World War II and that one legacy of Hiroshima would be the massive nuclear arms race of the decades to come.

In addition to displaying American artifacts like the Enola Gay, Smithsonian curators wanted to show some heartrending objects from the nuclear destruction of Hiroshima, including a schoolgirl’s burnt lunchbox, a watch dial frozen at the instant of the bomb’s explosion, a fused rosary, and photographs of the dead and dying. It would have been hard to look at these items beside that plane’s giant fuselage without feeling some sympathy for the victims of the blast.

None of this happened. The exhibit was canceled after a storm of protest. When the Air Force Association leaked a copy of the initial script to the media, critics denounced the Smithsonian for its “politically correct” and “anti-American” “revision” of history. The exhibit, they claimed, would be an insult to American veterans and fundamentally unpatriotic. Though conservatives led the charge, the Senate unanimously passed a resolution condemning the Smithsonian for being “revisionist and offensive” that included a tidy rehearsal of the official apologia: “The role of the Enola Gay… was momentous in helping to bring World War II to a merciful end, which resulted in saving the lives of Americans and Japanese.”

Merciful? Consider just this: the number of civilians killed at Hiroshima and Nagasaki alone was more than twice the number of American troops killed during the entire Pacific war.

In the end, the Smithsonian displayed little but the Enola Gay itself, a gleaming relic of American victory in the “Good War.”

 

Our Unbroken Faith in the Greatest Generation

In the two decades since, we haven’t come closer to a genuine public examination of history’s only nuclear attack or to finding any major fault with how we waged what Studs Terkel famously dubbed “the Good War.” He used that term as the title for his classic 1984 oral history of World War II and included those quotation marks quite purposely to highlight the irony of such thinking about a war in which an estimated 60 million people died. In the years since, the term has become an American cliche, but the quotation marks have disappeared along with any hint of skepticism about our motives and conduct in those years.

Admittedly, when it comes to the launching of nuclear war (if not the firebombings that destroyed 67 Japanese cities and continued for five days after “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki), there is some evidence of a more critical cast of mind in this country. Recent polls, for instance, show that “only” 56% of Americans now think we were right to use nuclear weapons against Japan, down a few points since the 1990s, while support among Americans under the age of 30 has finally fallen below 50%. You might also note that just after World War II, 85% of Americans supported the bombings.

Of course, such pro-bomb attitudes were hardly surprising in 1945, especially given the relief and joy at the war’s victorious ending and the anti-Japanese sentiment of that moment. Far more surprising: by 1946, millions of Americans were immersed in John Hersey’s best-selling book Hiroshima, a moving report from ground zero that explored the atomic bomb’s impact through the experiences of six Japanese survivors. It began with these gripping lines:

“At exactly fifteen minutes past eight in the morning, on August 6, 1945, Japanese time, at the moment when the atomic bomb flashed above Hiroshima, Miss Toshiko Sasaki, a clerk in the personnel department of the East Asia Tin Works, had just sat down at her place in the plant office and was turning her head to speak to the girl at the next desk.”

Hiroshima remains a remarkable document for its unflinching depictions of the bomb’s destructiveness and for treating America’s former enemy with such dignity and humanity. “The crux of the matter,” Hersey concluded, “is whether total war in its present form is justifiable, even when it serves a just purpose. Does it not have material and spiritual evil as its consequences which far exceed whatever good might result?”

The ABC Radio Network thought Hersey’s book so important that it hired four actors to read it in full on the air, reaching an even wider audience. Can you imagine a large American media company today devoting any significant air time to a work that engendered empathy for the victims of our twenty-first century wars? Or can you think of a recent popular book that prods us to consider the “material and spiritual evil” that came from our own participation in World War II? I can’t.

In fact, in the first years after that war, as Paul Boyer showed in his superb book By the Bomb’s Early Light, some of America’s triumphalism faded as fears grew that the very existence of nuclear weapons might leave the country newly vulnerable. After all, someday another power, possibly the Soviet Union, might use the new form of warfare against its creators, producing an American apocalypse that could never be seen as redemptive or merciful.

In the post-Cold War decades, however, those fears have again faded (unreasonably so since even a South Asian nuclear exchange between Pakistan and India could throw the whole planet into a version of nuclear winter). Instead, the “Good War” has once again been embraced as unambiguously righteous. Consider, for example, the most recent book about World War II to hit it big, Laura Hillenbrand’s Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption. Published in 2010, it remained on the New York Times best-seller list in hardcover for almost four years and has sold millions of copies. In its reach, it may even surpass Tom Brokaw’s 1998 book, The Greatest Generation. A Hollywood adaptation of Unbroken appeared last Christmas.

Hillenbrand’s book does not pretend to be a comprehensive history of World War II or even of the war in the Pacific. It tells the story of Louis Zamperini, a child delinquent turned Olympic runner turned B-24 bombardier. In 1943, his plane was shot down in the Pacific. He and the pilot survived 47 days in a life raft despite near starvation, shark attacks, and strafing by Japanese planes. Finally captured by the Japanese, he endured a series of brutal POW camps where he was the victim of relentless sadistic beatings.

The book is decidedly a page-turner, but its focus on a single American’s punishing ordeal and amazing recovery inhibits almost any impulse to move beyond the platitudes of nationalistic triumphalism and self-absorption or consider (among other things) the racism that so dramatically shaped American combat in the Pacific. That, at least, is the impression you get combing through some of the astonishing 25,000 customer reviews Unbroken has received on Amazon. “My respect for WWII veterans has soared,” a typical reviewer writes. “Thank you Laura Hillenbrand for loving our men at war,” writes another. It is “difficult to read of the inhumanity of the treatment of the courageous men serving our country.” And so on.

 

Unbroken devotes a page and a half to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, all of it from the vantage point of the American crew of the Enola Gay. Hillenbrand raises concerns about the crew’s safety: “No one knew for sure if… the bomber could get far enough away to survive what was coming.” She describes the impact of the shockwaves, not on the ground, but at 30,000 feet when they slammed into the Enola Gay, “pitching the men into the air.”

The film version of Unbroken evokes even less empathy for the Japanese experience of nuclear war, which brings to mind something a student told my graduate seminar last spring. He teaches high school social studies and when he talked with colleagues about the readings we were doing on Hiroshima, three of them responded with some version of the following: “You know, I used to think we were wrong to use nukes on Japan, but since I saw Unbroken I’ve started to think it was necessary.” We are, that is, still in the territory first plowed by Truman in that speech seven decades ago.

At the end of the film, this note appears on the screen: “Motivated by his faith, Louie came to see that the way forward was not revenge, but forgiveness. He returned to Japan, where he found and made peace with his former captors.”

That is indeed moving. Many of the prison camp guards apologized, as well they should have, and — perhaps more surprisingly — Zamperini forgave them. There is, however, no hint that there might be a need for apologies on the American side, too; no suggestion that our indiscriminate destruction of Japan, capped off by the atomic obliteration of two cities, might be, as Admiral Leahy put it, a violation of “all of the known laws of war.”

So here we are, 70 years later, and we seem, if anything, farther than ever from a rejection of the idea that launching atomic warfare on Japanese civilian populations was an act of mercy. Perhaps some future American president will finally apologize for our nuclear attacks, but one thing seems certain: no Japanese survivor of the bombs will be alive to hear it.

 

Christian Appy, TomDispatch regular and professor of history at the University of Massachusetts, is the author of three books about the Vietnam War, including most recently American Reckoning: The Vietnam War and Our National Identity (Viking).

Follow TomDispatch on Twitter and join us on Facebook. Check out the newest Dispatch Book, Nick Turse’s Tomorrow’s Battlefield: U.S. Proxy Wars and Secret Ops in Africa, and Tom Engelhardt’s latest book, Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, and a Global Security State in a Single-Superpower World.

Copyright 2015 Christian Appy

 

Tom Engelhardt, who runs the Nation Institute’s Tomdispatch.com (“a regular antidote to the mainstream media”), is the co-founder of the American Empire Project and, most recently, the author of Mission Unaccomplished: Tomdispatch Interviews with American Iconoclasts and Dissenters (Nation Books), the first collection of Tomdispatch interviews.

 

Filed Under: Japan and Asia/日本とアジア, Media/メディア, Social Justice/社会正義, War and Empire/戦争&支配権力

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Water Protectors Confront Japanese Banks

June 2, 2018 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

SNA (Tokyo) — The campaign against the Dakota Access Pipeline launched in December 2016 by a handful of Japanese activists entered a new round of activity this month when two Native Americans, who are Standing Rock Water Protectors, visited Japan, aiming at grassroots alliance-building with international indigenous groups. Myron Dewey and William Patrick Kincaid, along […]

Swedes still dying from Chernobyl radiation

October 28, 2017 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

“All in all, there’s no safe radiation, exposure to any radiation levels is dangerous,” according to Gabor Tiroler, teacher of public health at Uppsala University and former World Health Organization specialist. Tiroler says that the official point of view on this topic is usually to tell people that radiation in cattle meat, mushrooms, berries, fish and soil is not that dangerous, in an attempt to avoid panic. A lesson to be learned about Fukushima and the complicity of the State in intentionally keeping people misinformed.

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Debunking All The Assange Smears – Caitlin Johnstone – Medium

May 9, 2019 By 本田 望 Leave a Comment

Debunking All The Assange Smears Caitlin Johnstone   Have you ever noticed how whenever someone inconveniences the dominant western power structure, the entire political/media class rapidly becomes very, very interested in letting us know how evil and disgusting that person is? It’s true of the leader of every nation which refuses to allow itself to […]

Venezuela Accuses U.S. of Secretly Shipping Arms After Weapons Found on Plane with Possible CIA Ties (Elliot Abrams connection?)

February 14, 2019 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

From Democracy Now A North Carolina-based air freight company has halted flights to Venezuela following a report by McClatchy linking it to possible arms smuggling. Last week, Venezuelan authorities claimed they had uncovered 19 assault weapons, 118 ammunition cartridges and 90 military-grade radio antennas on board a U.S.-owned plane that had flown from Miami into […]

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News and Views from the Global South

April 11, 2017 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

Several rights groups responded Friday, calling on Trump to repeal the ban, which applies to migrants from Syria and 5 other countries in Africa and the Middle East. “Trump was using very strong words last night to describe the cruelty and the horrors that children and civilians in general are enduring (in Syria),” Maria McFarland Sánchez-Moreno, co-director […]

Takata Fined $1 Billion For Hiding Information on Exploding Car Airbags

January 26, 2017 By tokyoprogressive Leave a Comment

Reports of injuries and deaths began to circulate soon after but they did not make major headlines until about seven years ago. On May 27, 2009, Ashley Parham, a teenager in Oklahoma, died when the airbag in her 2001 Honda Accord exploded. The following year Gurjit Rathore was killed in Virginia, when the airbag in her 2001 Honda Accord exploded.

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